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Over the course of mammalian evolution, the ability to store energy likely conferred a survival advantage when food became scarce. A long‐term increase in energy storage results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, two tightly regulated parameters that generally balance out to maintain a fairly stable body weight. Understanding the molecular determinants of this feat likely...
Objective
Time‐restricted eating (TRE) can reduce body weight, but it is unclear how it influences dietary patterns and behavior. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of TRE on diet quality, appetite, and several eating behaviors.
Methods
Adults with obesity were randomized to early TRE plus energy restriction (eTRE + ER; 8‐hour eating window from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or a control eating...
Objective
Decreased insulin sensitivity and impairment of β‐cell function predate and predict development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Time‐restricted eating (TRE) might have a benefit for these parameters. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate this possibility.
Methods
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of TRE (8‐hour eating window) to unrestricted...
Objective
This study compared intermittent fasting and protein pacing (IF‐P) versus a heart‐healthy caloric restriction (CR) diet, matched for energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure, on body weight, total and visceral fat mass, and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.
Methods
IF‐P (n = 21) and CR (n = 20) were assessed pre‐ (week 0), mid‐ (week 5), and post‐ (week...
Objective
This study aimed to assess the impact of time‐restricted eating (TRE) on integrated skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in males with overweight/obesity.
Methods
A total of 18 healthy males (age 46 ± 5 years; BMI: 30 ± 2 kg/m2) completed this exploratory, parallel, randomized dietary intervention after a 3‐day lead‐in diet. Participants then consumed an isoenergetic...
Circadian rhythms are present throughout biology, from the molecular level to complex behaviors such as eating and sleeping. They are driven by molecular clocks within cells, and different tissues can have unique rhythms. Circadian disruption can trigger obesity and other common metabolic disorders such as aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and circadian genes control metabolism. At an organismal...
Objective
Data are mixed on whether intermittent fasting improves weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Here, the effects of time‐restricted eating (TRE) in participants who consistently adhered ≥5 d/wk every week were analyzed.
Methods
Ninety patients aged 25 to 75 years old with obesity were randomized to early TRE (eTRE; 8‐hour eating window from 07:00 to 15:00) or a control schedule (≥12‐hour...
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of telephone‐based delivery of weekday‐only time‐restricted eating (TRE), its preliminary efficacy for metabolic outcomes, and concurrent lifestyle changes.
Methods
Twenty‐two breast cancer survivors aged 60+ years with overweight/obesity completed an 8‐week feasibility study of 12 to 8 p.m. weekday‐only ad libitum TRE. The intervention...
Objective
Time‐restricted eating (TRE) restores circadian rhythms in mice, but the evidence to support this in humans is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TRE on 24‐hour profiles of plasma metabolites, glucoregulatory hormones, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome in humans.
Methods
Men (n = 15, age = 63 [4] years, BMI 30.5 [2.4] kg/m2) were...
Objective
Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of time‐restricted eating (TRE) on sex hormones in females. This study examined how TRE affects sex steroids in premenopausal and postmenopausal females.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of an 8‐week TRE study (4‐ to 6‐hour eating window) conducted in adults with obesity. Men and perimenopausal females were excluded. Females were classified...
Objective
Time‐restricted feeding (TRF), whereby caloric intake is limited to a <12‐hour window, is a potential regimen to ameliorate metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk co‐occurring with aging and with obesity. Early TRF (eTRF; early morning feeding followed by overnight fasting) times calorie consumption with hepatic circadian gene expression rhythms. Brief TRF trials demonstrate...
Objective
This study explored the impact of time‐restricted eating (TRE) versus standard dietary advice (SDA) on bone health.
Methods
Adults with ≥1 component of metabolic syndrome were randomized to TRE (ad libitum eating within 12 hours) or SDA (food pyramid brochure). Bone turnover markers and bone mineral content/density by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry were assessed at baseline and 6‐month...
Objective
Later circadian timing of energy intake is associated with higher body fat percentage. Current methods for obtaining accurate circadian timing are labor‐ and cost‐intensive, limiting practical application of this relationship. This study investigated whether the timing of energy intake relative to a mathematically modeled circadian time, derived from easily collected ambulatory data, would...
Objective
The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effectiveness of different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens on weight loss, in the general population, and compare these to traditional caloric energy restriction (CER).
Methods
Three databases were searched from 2011 to June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed weight loss and IF, including alternate day fasting...
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